Finding a biofluorescent amphibian or reptile while herping can be challenging, but the reward is worth it once you spot one. Biofluorescence occurs when an organism absorbs light at one wavelength and emits it at another, creating a glowing effect. However, humans can’t see this glow without an ultraviolet (UV) light. When exposed to UV, biofluorescent animals typically appear red, orange, or green, revealing a hidden layer of nature’s brilliance.
Species That Glow
Flat-Tailed House Gecko (Hemidactylus platyurus)
Normally light gray with dark markings, this gecko reveals a striking blue glow along its jaws under UV light.
Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum)
A widespread North American species, the Tiger Salamander glows green under UV light, especially in its skin and body patterns. The purpose of this fluorescence remains uncertain, but it may aid in communication, camouflage, or attracting mates.
Northern Emerald Tree Boa (Corallus caninus)
Recognized for its vivid green color and white markings, this snake hasn’t been confirmed to glow under UV light. However, with more reptiles exhibiting biofluorescence, scientists suspect it may as well, though further research is needed.
Polka-Dot Tree Frog (Boana punctata)
The first amphibian discovered to glow naturally, this small South American frog emits a bright green fluorescence under UV light due to special compounds in its skin. Researchers believe this helps with communication and camouflage.
Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
In 2015, scientists documented biofluorescence in this marine reptile, the first of its kind. Under blue light, it emits red and green hues, potentially helping it blend in with fluorescent corals or communicate with others.
Pumpkin Toadlet (Brachycephalus ephippium)
This tiny frog from Brazil’s Atlantic Forest glows blue-green under UV light due to its bones being visible through its translucent skin. The reason for this fluorescence is still being studied, but it may play a role in communication or mate selection.
Why do they glow
Scientists are still figuring out exactly why some animals glow, but there are a few possible reasons. Some might use fluorescence to communicate, helping them recognize their own kind or attract mates. Others may use it as camouflage, blending in with glowing surroundings like coral reefs. In some cases, the glow could serve as a warning to predators or make it harder for them to see the animal. Some species can see ultraviolet light, so biofluorescence might also help them find their way or hunt in the dark. While the reason varies from species to species, this glow likely helps them survive in different ways.
How to Observe Biofluorescence in the Wild
Spotting biofluorescent animals in the wild is an exciting way to see nature in a new light. To do so, you’ll need a UV flashlight or a blue-light source with a yellow filter, as regular light won’t reveal the glow. The best time to look is in complete darkness, away from artificial lights. Forests, wetlands, coral reefs, and tropical jungles are prime locations, with glowing frogs, salamanders, fish, corals, geckos, and even turtles.
Move slowly, avoid disturbing wildlife, and don’t shine bright lights directly into their eyes. If you want to capture the glow, use a camera with UV-sensitive settings or special filters. For a guided experience, a herping tour can help you find biofluorescent species with expert guidance. Whether alone or with a group, witnessing this hidden phenomenon is a fascinating and unforgettable experience.
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